个税递延型养老保险的可行性研究——以北京市为例

随着我国人口老龄化步伐的加快,社会基本养老保险和企业年金已经不能充分满足全社会老年人的生活消费。本文以北京市为特例,通过对北京市的老龄化现状进行分析,说明个税递延型养老保险在北京市实施的必要性。再通过对市政府财力及北京市的独特优势进行分析,说明北京市具备实行个税递延型养老保险的条件,并对这类保险方案提出了制度构想。     

对我国电子商务C2C网店模式的纳税建立研究

近年,我国电子商务快速发展,网络购物交易额越来越大,对C2C电子商务模式征税受到各方关注。事实上,税法为C2C电子商务征税提供了法律依据;税收公平原则也要求对C2C网店进行征税;为了规范网购市场,促进电子商务健康发展,对C2C网店征税亦是必然发展结果。我国建立C2C网店的纳税模式,宜减免小微网店税负;科学制定C2C网络交易税征收法规和方法;规范网络发票流程,实行委托网络交易平台代扣代缴税款制度。     

Is the Sky the Limit? Can Japanese Government Bonds Continue to Defy Gravity?

This paper presents a simulation model based on the growth rate, the inflation rate, and the consumption tax rate in the future. Future tax revenues and fiscal expenditures are projected using regression models estimated from past data. The fiscal situation is called unsustainable if the outstanding amount of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) becomes higher than the level of private sector financial assets. We focus on the general account of the central government, which is the source of JGB issues. We find that the higher the economic growth, the more likely it is that the fiscal situation is sustainable. When a larger portion of interest income is reinvested in JGBs, the chance is higher that the fiscal situation is sustainable. Most importantly, raising the consumption tax to 20% guarantees fiscal sustainability in most cases. Our analysis shows that without a consumption tax hike beyond the 10% rate, a fiscal crisis will be almost a certainty, even with a real economic growth rate of 2% despite a shrinking labor force. A reasonably quick hike of the consumption tax, namely a hike by 1% a year, up to 20%, combined with high or moderate economic growth rates, seems to keep the economy out of a fiscal crisis, where a moderate growth rate is defined to be generated by a productivity increase per working‐age population of 1.9%, which was the average during the Koizumi years.     

国际视域下的天津东疆港免退税政策的建议

天津东疆保税港区以其独特的地理位置、区位优势和政策环境优势为建立免税自由贸易港岛提供了有利条件。积极争取国家有关部门的支持,批准天津东疆保税港岛试行免税政策对天津成为以免税购物为主题的,融娱乐、休闲、购物于一体的国际知名旅游目的地具有里程碑意义,将会大大提升天津知名度和国际竞争力。本文通过对世界上其他国家和地区的现有＂离境退税＂政策和＂离岛免税＂政策进行分析,从中发现能促进东疆港免税购物成功发展的重要因素,并给出相关的对策建议。     

Modelling the hidden economy and the tax-gap in New Zealand

This paper develops and estimates a structural, latent variable, model for the hidden economy in New Zealand, and a separate currency-demand model. The estimated latent variable model is used to generate an historical time-series index of hidden economic activity, which is calibrated via the information from the currency-demand model. Special attention is paid to data non-stationarity, and to diagnostic testing. Over the period 1968 to 1994, the size of the hidden economy is found to vary between 6.8% and 11.3% of measured GDP. This, in turn, implies that the total tax-gap is of the order of 6.4% to 10.2% of total tax liability in that country. Of course, not all of this foregone revenue would be recoverable, as not all of the activity in the underground economy is responsive to changes in taxation or other policies. First version received: August 1997/Final version received: March 1999     

进一步完善我国现行增值税的思考

本文首先对现行增值税在实践中存在问题产生的不利于创造公平税收环境、不能体现宏观经济政策、造成税源流失的负面效应进行分析。进而进一步明确了完善现行增值税票要解决的认识问题。在此基础上提出了完善增值税的总体设想和具体措施, 即由生产型增值税向消费型增值税过渡、分阶段扩大增值税范围、减少增值税税收优惠、建立健全增值税征管制度。     

Tax without Design: Recent Developments in UK Tax Policy

This paper considers the development of tax policy in the UK over the last decade or so and assesses policy change against a low bar – consistency and coherence. While this government has followed some consistent policies – notably, in some aspects of corporation tax and in increasing the income tax personal allowance – there are few signs of a wider coherent strategy. The same has been true of other recent governments. Many aspects of the system have become more complex. There have been numerous policy reversals. And few of those aspects of the system in most need of reform have been tackled. The need for reform, and a clear strategy for reform, remain as pressing as ever.     

平均税率、标准税率与收入分布对个人所得税累进性的影响

运用中间累进性指标将个人所得税累进性的变化分解为标准税率的影响及收入分布的影响,对再分配效应变化也做了类似的分解,实证分析了我国2005~2011年个人所得税累进性及再分配效应的变化。结果显示,收入分布改变对于累进性的变化发挥主导作用,平均税率对于再分配效应的变化非常关键。因此,个人所得税的改革首先需要在分析居民收入分布的基础上进行,另外在累进性提高的同时也需十分关注税收规模的变化。     

浅谈个人所得税纳税筹划

21世纪,经济飞速发展,人们的收入水平也在不断的提高.但是,作为一名纳税义务人,依法纳税是我们必须遵守的,收入的提高也就意味着要多缴税,这样一来,原来增长的一部分收入由于要缴纳税金又剩下不多了.于是合理的进行个人所得税的纳税筹划越来越成为人们迫切的要求之一.本文的主要内容就是通过介绍纳税筹划的概念、内容及方法来研究和探讨个人所得税的筹划方法,其中包括避税筹划、节税筹划和转税筹划.指导我们如何在不违反国家税法规定的情况下,合理、有效、持续的节约个人所得税费用,达到收益最大化的目的.